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Back to Education: Masters/PhD Funding and Second Loans

Postgraduate loan eligibility, repaying undergraduate and postgraduate loans simultaneously, full-time vs part-time study impact, and PhD funding options

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Returning to education for a Masters or PhD while carrying undergraduate student loan debt creates a second layer of financial complexity. Postgraduate loans operate independently from undergraduate loans, with different repayment thresholds and interest rates. If you work while studying part-time, you may repay both loans simultaneously—undergraduate at 9% above £25,000 and postgraduate at 6% above £21,000, potentially taking 15% of your income above £25,000.

Full-time Masters students typically stop repaying undergraduate loans during study since they have no employment income, while their undergraduate balance grows with interest. Part-time students continue working and repaying both loans concurrently. PhD students often receive tax-free stipends around £19,000-£20,000 annually, falling below undergraduate repayment threshold but requiring postgraduate loan payments if they took one. Understanding these interactions helps you make informed decisions about postgraduate education timing and funding.

Postgraduate Loan Basics and Eligibility

Postgraduate loans are available for Masters and Doctoral study, operating separately from your undergraduate loan with different terms and repayment conditions.

Postgraduate Loan Overview:

Postgraduate Masters Loan:

  • Maximum amount: £12,167 (2024/25)
  • Available for: Masters degrees (MA, MSc, MBA, etc.)
  • Repayment threshold: £21,000 annually
  • Repayment rate: 6% of income above threshold
  • Interest rate: RPI + 3% (currently ~6-7%)
  • Write-off: 30 years after first April after course start

Postgraduate Doctoral Loan:

  • Maximum amount: £28,673 (2024/25)
  • Available for: PhD, DPhil, or equivalent doctoral qualifications
  • Same repayment terms: 6% above £21,000
  • Same interest and write-off as Masters loan
  • Can apply for both Masters and Doctoral loans sequentially

Eligibility Requirements:

  • Age limit: Under 60 on first day of academic year
  • Residency: UK resident for 3+ years (or settled status)
  • Course: Masters or Doctoral level at approved UK institution
  • Study mode: Full-time or part-time eligible
  • Previous study: Cannot already hold Masters for Masters loan (can for Doctoral)
  • Existing undergraduate debt: Does not affect eligibility—can have undergraduate loan

How Postgrad Loans Differ from Undergrad:

FeatureUndergraduate (Plan 5)Postgraduate
Repayment threshold£25,000£21,000
Repayment rate9%6%
Write-off period40 years30 years
Interest rateRPI to RPI+3%RPI+3% fixed

Repaying Two Loans Simultaneously

If you work while holding both undergraduate and postgraduate loans, you repay both concurrently through PAYE. The thresholds and rates stack, creating a combined deduction that can reach 15% of income in the overlap zone.

Combined Repayment Calculation:

Between £21,000-£25,000: Pay only postgraduate loan (6%)

Above £25,000: Pay both loans

Formula for income above £25,000:

  • Undergraduate: 9% of (income - £25,000)
  • Postgraduate: 6% of (income - £21,000)
  • Total deduction can reach 15% of income above £25,000

Dual Loan Repayment Examples:

SalaryUndergrad PaymentPostgrad PaymentTotal Monthly
£23,000£0£10£10
£30,000£37.50£45£82.50
£35,000£75£70£145
£45,000£150£120£270
£60,000£262.50£195£457.50

Impact: At £35,000 salary, combined loan payments take £145 monthly (£1,740 annually). This is equivalent to a 5% income reduction.

Most Graduates Will Not Fully Repay Both:

With 40-year undergraduate write-off and 30-year postgraduate write-off:

  • Earning under £45k: Extremely unlikely to fully repay either loan
  • Earning £45k-£60k: May repay postgraduate, unlikely to clear undergraduate
  • Earning £60k+: Will likely repay postgraduate, may repay undergraduate
  • Most graduates treat both as graduate taxes rather than traditional debt
  • Higher postgraduate interest rate (always RPI+3%) means balance grows faster

Full-Time Masters: Repayment Pause

Full-time Masters students typically have no employment income, automatically pausing undergraduate loan repayments. Both undergraduate and postgraduate balances grow with interest during study.

What Happens During Full-Time Masters:

  • Income: Postgraduate loan maintenance (up to £12,167) + possible part-time work
  • Undergraduate repayments: Zero (no income above £25,000)
  • Postgraduate repayments: Zero during study (loan not yet in repayment)
  • Undergraduate balance: Grows with RPI interest (~3-4%)
  • Postgraduate balance: Accumulates loan + interest during study
  • Duration: Typically 12 months, sometimes up to 24 months

Balance Growth During Full-Time Masters:

Example: 12-month full-time Masters, £45,000 undergraduate balance

Before Masters:

  • Undergraduate balance: £45,000
  • Working at £38,000, paying £97.50 monthly

During 12-month Masters:

  • Undergraduate balance grows to ~£46,350 (3% interest)
  • Postgraduate loan taken: £12,167
  • Postgraduate balance with interest: ~£12,550
  • Total loan debt after Masters: £58,900

After graduating (return to £40,000 job):

  • Undergraduate payment: £112.50 monthly
  • Postgraduate payment: £95 monthly
  • Combined: £207.50 monthly (£2,490 annually)

Financial Survival During Full-Time Study:

Living on £12,167 postgraduate loan for 12 months is challenging:

  • Monthly budget: ~£1,014 from loan alone
  • Reality: Most students need additional funding (savings, family, part-time work)
  • Part-time work: Up to 20 hours per week common, adds £400-£800 monthly
  • Scholarships: Many Masters programs offer £2,000-£5,000 scholarships
  • Savings needed: £5,000-£10,000 recommended to supplement loan

Part-Time Study While Working

Part-time Masters students continue working full-time, meaning they repay undergraduate loans throughout study and start postgraduate repayments once postgrad loan enters repayment.

Part-Time Study Financial Reality:

  • Duration: Typically 2-4 years part-time
  • Employment: Maintain full-time work throughout
  • Undergraduate repayments: Continue at 9% above £25,000
  • Postgraduate repayments: Begin once postgrad loan enters repayment
  • Combined payments: Can reach £200-£400 monthly depending on salary
  • Career progression: Continue advancing while studying

Part-Time vs Full-Time Comparison:

FactorFull-Time MastersPart-Time Masters
Duration12 months24-48 months
Income during£0 + loanFull salary continues
Undergrad paymentsPaused (no income)Continue throughout
Career progressionPaused 1 yearContinuous
Time to completionFasterSlower but income maintained

Employer Sponsorship:

Some employers fund part-time Masters for employees:

  • Full funding: Employer pays tuition, no postgraduate loan needed
  • Partial funding: £3,000-£8,000 contribution, loan covers remainder
  • Time allowance: Study time during work hours (1 day per week common)
  • Payback clause: Often must stay 2-3 years post-graduation
  • Student loans: Still repay undergraduate throughout, avoid postgraduate loan

PhD Funding and Stipend Considerations

PhD students typically receive funded positions with stipends, making postgraduate doctoral loans unnecessary for most. Stipends are tax-free and below undergraduate repayment threshold.

PhD Funding Options:

Research Council funding (UKRI):

  • Stipend: £19,237 annually (2024/25, tax-free)
  • Tuition fees: Fully covered
  • Duration: 3-4 years
  • Most competitive PhDs offer this funding

University scholarships:

  • Varies by institution: £15,000-£20,000 annually
  • Often includes tuition waiver
  • Competitive application process

Industry/charity sponsorship:

  • Variable amounts, sometimes higher than UKRI
  • May include placement or project requirements

Self-funded PhD (using doctoral loan):

  • Doctoral loan: £28,673 maximum
  • Must cover tuition (£4,500-£9,000 annually) + living costs
  • Very difficult financially—most need additional income

Stipend and Student Loan Repayments:

PhD stipend of £19,237 annually:

  • Undergraduate loan (£25,000 threshold): Zero repayments—stipend below threshold
  • Postgraduate loan (£21,000 threshold): Zero repayments if only income is stipend
  • Tax-free status: Stipend not subject to income tax or National Insurance
  • Teaching/demonstrating: Additional £2,000-£5,000 annually, still below thresholds
  • Balance growth: Both undergraduate and postgraduate balances grow with interest during PhD

PhD vs Career Progression Trade-Off:

Opportunity cost of 3-4 year PhD with £45,000 undergraduate balance:

  • Foregone salary: 4 years at £35,000-£45,000 = £140,000-£180,000 gross earnings lost
  • Loan repayments saved: £3,600-£7,200 (4 years of payments avoided)
  • Balance growth: Undergraduate £45k → £51k, postgraduate £12k → £15k
  • Career outcome: PhD opens academic/research roles, some paying £35k-£50k starting
  • Net impact: Significant earnings delay, but specialized career path for those passionate about research

Financial Strategy: When to Pursue Postgrad

Deciding whether to take postgraduate study should balance career benefits against financial costs, including student loan implications.

When Postgrad Makes Financial Sense:

  • Career requirement: Essential for profession (clinical psychology, architecture, etc.)
  • Salary increase: Clear evidence Masters leads to £10k+ higher earnings
  • Employer funded: Company paying for part-time Masters
  • PhD with stipend: Funded position covering all costs
  • Career change: Necessary credential for new industry
  • In these cases, additional student debt is justified by career outcomes

When to Reconsider Postgrad:

  • Career unclear: Pursuing Masters without specific career goal
  • Avoiding job market: Using study to delay career decisions
  • Minimal salary benefit: Masters adds only £2,000-£5,000 to earnings
  • Self-funding PhD: Unless absolutely necessary, self-funded PhDs are financially ruinous
  • Large existing debt: Already have £60k+ undergraduate debt heading for write-off

Alternative to Postgrad Loan:

Consider these funding alternatives before taking postgraduate loan:

  • Scholarships: Many Masters programs offer merit or needs-based funding
  • Research council funding: Competitive but fully funded
  • Employer sponsorship: Ask employer about education funding
  • Save and pay: Work 2-3 years, save £15,000, fund Masters from savings
  • Part-time while working: Slower but maintains income
  • Taking another loan should be last resort after exploring all alternatives

Postgraduate loans operate independently from undergraduate loans

Working graduates repay both simultaneously at combined rates up to 15% of income above £25,000. Full-time study pauses undergraduate repayments while both balances grow with interest. Most graduates will not fully repay either loan, making them function as extended graduate taxes rather than traditional debt.

👩‍🎓

Dr. Lila Sharma

UK Education Policy Specialist

With over 15 years of experience in UK education policy and student finance, Dr. Sharma founded Student Loan Calculator UK to help students navigate the complex world of student loans.